- Check the loops in the script. Time consumed by repetitive operations adds up quickly. If at all possible, remove time-consuming operations from within loops.
- Use builtin commands in preference to system commands. Builtins execute faster and usually do not launch a subshell when invoked.
- Avoid unnecessary commands, particularly in a pipe.
- Use the time and times tools to profile computation-intensive commands.
- Try to minimize file I/O. Bash is not particularly efficient at handling files, so consider using more appropriate tools for this within the script, such as awk or Perl.
- Write your scripts in a modular and coherent form, so they can be reorganized and tightened up as necessary.
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